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Bhikkhus! So it is that dependent on ignorance, volitional activities arise; dependent on volitional activity, Consciousness arises; dependent on Conscious ness, mind-and-body (namarupa) arises; dependent on namarupa, the six sense-bases arise; dependent on the six sense-bases, Contact arises; dependent on Contact, Sensation arises; dependent on Sensation, Craving arises; dependent on Craving, Clinging11 arises; dependent on Clinging, bhava (kamma actions, causing further existence) arises; dependent on bhava, REBIRTH arises; dependent on REBIRTH, there arise ageing, death, grief, lamentation, pain, distress and despair. In this way occurs the arising of this entire mass of dukkha.'"

the Pali word above is 'jati', which means 'birth' rather than 'rebirth'

'jati' is an Indian word that means social or self identity



Jāti (in Devanagari: जाति Tamil:சாதி) (the word literally means 'thus born') is the term used to denote the thousands of clans, tribes, communities and sub-communities in India. It is a term used across religions. Each jāti typically has an association with a traditional job function or tribe, although religious beliefs (e.g. Sri Vaishnavism or Veera Shaivism) or linguistic groupings may define some jatis. A person's surname typically reflects a community (jati) association: thus Gandhi = perfume seller, Dhobi = washerman, Srivastava = military scribe, etc. In any given location in India 500 or more jatis may co-exist, although the exact composition will differ from district to district.

Wikipedia Now this word jati has many meanings. For in the passage 'he recollects one birth, two births, etc', it is becoming. In the passage 'Visakha, there is a kind (jati) of ascetics called Niganthas (Jains)', it is monastic order. In the passage 'birth is includes in two aggregates', it is whatever is formed. In the passage 'his birth is due to the first consciousness in the mother's womb' (Vin.i,93), it is rebirth-linking. In the passage 'as soon as he was born (sampatijata), the Bodhisattva' (M.iii,123) it is parturition [childbirth]. In the passage 'one who is not rejected and despised on the account of birth', it is clan. In the passage 'sister, since i was born with noble birth', it is the Noble One's virtue.

Visuddhimagga Men are farmers by their acts;
And by their acts are craftsmen too.
Men are merchants by their acts;
And by their acts are servants too.

Men are robbers by their acts;
And by their acts are soldiers too.
Men are chaplains by their acts;
And by their acts are rulers too.

So that is how the truly wise
See action how it really is,

Seers in Dependent Origination
Skilled in actions and results.

MN 98 These five aggregates subject to clinging are the self-identification described by the Blessed One. The craving that makes for new becoming — accompanied by passion & delight, relishing now here & now there — i.e., craving for sensual pleasure, craving to be, craving not to be: This, friend Visakha, is the origination of self-identification described by the Blessed One.

This, monks, is the path of practice leading to self-identification. One assumes about the eye that 'This is me, this is my self, this is what I am.' One assumes about forms... One assumes about consciousness at the eye... One assumes about contact at the eye... One assumes about feeling... One assumes about craving that 'This is me, this is my self, this is what I am.'

MN 44 ***