Again, I disagree and I retract my previous position that "the metaphors may be dispensed with" It was insight into the human condition (rather than culture) which gave rise to the metaphors The metaphors are valid metaphors, which people commonly use in the West For example, a Westerner reads a newpaper article about a horrific murder & comments: "How inhuman! They are just animals!" Or a Westerners sees politicians or corporates abusing power & comments: "They act as though they are Gods". The realms are products of insight The Buddha's title "Lokavidu: Knower of the Worlds" was not some kind of Brahminist legacy Kind regards