On the subject of kamma, I was looking at some interesting comments from the late Ajahn Buddhadasa in his essay "Anatta and Rebirth" on page 5. ..."The second question is: If there is no self, then who acts? Who produces all these physical, verbal, and mental kammas (actions) and receives the result of those actions (kamma-fruit)? Who experiences happiness and dukkha? The "who" is "nobody." There isn't a need for anybody. In fact, we need not use the word "who" at all. The mind can feel, be aware, and think. It has its needs and can make the body act or the mouth speak accordingly. The mind thinks and as a result of that thinking there is an action: a physical, verbal or mental action (kamma). The mind that thinks is not-self, the body that acts is not self,the mouth that speaks is not self, so that action is not self. The action really happens, but it is not self. Then there's a reaction that happens as kamma-fruit. If it affects anything, just that thing is the receiver of the kamma-fruit. But really, if we speak correctly and straight-forwardly, there is nobody who receives the fruit of kamma. Although a reaction occurs, it happens to the next thing. It is a process of one thing or event conditioning the next. If we look carefully, we see that there is one mind that thinks, that has the intention behind the action, but the reaction is experienced by a different mind. From one moment to the next it is a completely different mind. It is never the same mind, let alone a self or a "who." ("Who" implies self.) This citta(mind) is the maker of the kamma; the fruit of kamma happens to that (next) citta. It isn't the same citta anymore. Still, without any atta, the citta can make kamma, it can act. And the citta which isn't atta can experience the fruit of kamma. Whether happiness or dukkha is experienced, there is just mind experiencing it. One doesn't need an atta, there is only experience. There is only foolishness or intelligence. Take it as happy, it's happiness (sukha); take it as dukkha, it's dukkha. The mind alone feels sukha and dukkha, it doesn't need an atta. Thus we say that "nobody" makes kamma. If we speak in line with Buddhist principles, "nobody makes kamma." Although there is the acting of kamma, there is nobody who makes it, or receives its fruit, or is the happy one or the miserable one. There's merely citta together with body; that's all that's needed for experience. And all of it is not-self." http://das-buddhistische-haus.de/pag...nd_Rebirth.pdf