[voksveta]

// This would seem to be the latest summary on PubMed:

BAT = brown adipose tissue

/*
it has been shown that by activating BAT via short-term cold exposure, fatty acids are efficiently channeled into BAT due to a metabolic program that boosts TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL) uptake
*//*
As little as 50 g of BAT could account for up to 20% of basal metabolic energy expenditure of an adult human when maximally stimulated
*//*
When animals are subjected to cold environment or ingest surplus energy, ... lipase accelerates the release of free fatty acid from triacylglycerol contained in the droplet of brown adipocyte, which acts both as the fuel of thermogenesis and as an activator of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key component of thermogenesis. ... a large amount of energy is dissipated in the form of heat
*//*
It was previously believed that brown adipocyte and white adipocyte share a common ancestor in the course of adipogenesis. However, different opinion was rendered in 2007 ... The mesenchymal stem cell is the precursor of brown adipocytes.
*//*
BAT formation occurs in the early phase of embryonic development ... it was suggested that only small mammals and new born infants possess BAT, while human adults are practically devoid of functional BAT ... New England Journal of Medicine in 2009 rebutted this assumption ... researchers found that BAT was located in the neck and upper-chest regions. Moreover, BAT ratio was conversely correlated with body mass index (BMI)
*//*
Thyroid hormone is necessary for a full BAT thermogenic response in cold adaptation. ... Interestingly, bile acids released from the gallbladder has been shown to increase energy expenditure in BAT by regulating local thyroid hormone production
*//*
Until now, two therapeutic strategies have been suggested in obesity control ... One is to stimulate the original BAT development and function by small molecules. The other is to transplant functional brown adipocytes induced from proper stem cells into obese patients. The second strategy can be also considered as BAT transplantation.
*//*
Dinitrophenol (DNP) was developed to uncouple the biological process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and make mitochondria produce heat ... It increases energy expenditure in a sustainable manner and no drug tolerance would happen.
*/