[AnIInWon]

There's a whole bunch of different methods. If you don't want to go the correction route (chokes, prongs, martingales)
a no-pull harness is a good go-to for smaller dogs (don't know how well they would work on a dog 90+lbs meaning! lol) as well as combining it with some training.

A lot of trainers are introducing the concept of "heeling" nekkid now. The leash is often a crutch that we overuse for lack of training, a good foundation and lack of positive reinforcement. Using food lures, hand targets and teaching position first has become much more popular because it's easy and once you clip the leash on it's really just there to abide by laws and as an extra security measure.

Ask yourself; Why shouldn't Sam pull?

I mean, we know why she does pull, well we have some good guesses at least! Number one for most dogs, they want to get where they're going... FASTER! And if she gets to run around loose in a fenced area, that's really going to increase her drive to pull you to hurry up! Opposition reflex is probably another likely factor. Stuff that Sam wants to check out is not within the 4 or 6 feet of lead space that she has is probably another good guess!

So what's the competing motivation for all of the above?

High value rewards is what I would use, and I would use a lot of them. In the living room I'd work on focus commands; Watch me, I'd work on basic heel positioning off lead, so basically making her "safe zone" a high reinforcement zone. If you are within 3 feet of me, you are getting rewarded. After a week or so you move to the backyard, and during this time when you walk her, you have a super special treat, that you use only on walks, and you put it all to work.

So if Sam is beside me, I'd be rewarding her every 5-10 steps depending on her focus level. If she ran out to the end of the leash, I'd stop abruptly (let her self correct on a flat buckle), then take a few steps backwards, this will encourage her to come back to you, and as soon as she's back within the "safe zone" I'd give her a treat. Basically every time she hits the end of the leash, then you get her back to the safe zone, you reset. You start from the safe zone as if the mess up never happened. You go back to using your "watch me", verbal praising for focus then food rewarding 10 steps or whatever of attention.

If she wants to sniff a pole but pulls you to sniff it, do the above, get her back in the safe zone, food reward, than use your cues to keep her attention to loose lead walk to whatever it was she was interested in and double reward her with food and with the environment (you get to sniff when you don't pull).

As for running around on concrete, I avoid it, but I avoid it because I can without a problem.