[Adeniinteme]

أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم



On intention for prayers:

208 The intention is a firm determination of the heart to do something. The minimum valid intention for the prayer is such that if the person were asked regarding it, he would be able to respond immediately, without having to think or reflect. When making the intention for an obligatory (fard) or mandatory (wajib) prayer, one must also specify which prayer is about to be performed, such as 'asr for example. This is not a condition for emphasized sunna, tarawih, or general vuluntary (nafl) prayers, as the intention of prayer alone suffices. Finally the follower in a congregation must also intend praying behind the imam, yet without having to specify the imam...
209 That is, if one makes the intention to pray yet engages in an unrelated action--such as eating or speaking--before the prayer, without renewing the intention, then the prayer is invalid. If, however, there is no separation between the intention and the tahrima, or the separation is by something related to the prayer--such as dhikr, wudu, or walking to the mosque--then the prayer is valid. Also, the intention cannot be made after the tahrima. Finally, the tahrima must be done in the standing position, even if the back is bent, as long as the hands could not touch the knees if extended (i.e., not in the bowing position)... On intention to fast:

[All types of fasts require an intention.] The following types of fasts require an intention and specification of the "type" of fast [as well as that the intention be made the previous night before fajr, yet after maghrib (tabyit)]:

• Makups (qada) from Ramadan,
• Makeups from voluntary (nafl) fasts that one invalidated,
• Fasts of expiation (kaffara),
• Unspecified vows (nadhr mutlaq).

The following types of fasts require neither specification of the type of fast, nor that the intention be made the previous night before fajr; rather, the intention may be made any time from the previous night [after maghrib] until [before] dahwa kubra:

• Ramadan fasts during the month (ada),
• Specified vows (nadhr mu'ayyan),
• Voluntary (nafl) fasts.

...
486 Dahwa kubra is determined by dividing the time between the entrance of fajr and that of maghrib by half. If the intention of fasting the entire day is performed before dahwa kubra, the above three types of fasts are valid; otherwise, they are not.... On intention for hajj:

573 The obligatory (fard) integrals of hajj are three, which are not valid unless performed in the following order: (1) Entering the state of pilgrim sanctity (ihram). This entails (a) making an intention (niyya) and, immediately afterwards without engaging in another unrelated action, (b) reciting the talbiya, or any other dhikr in its place... the condition is that the dhikr be uttered on the tongue, not merely intended in the heart... On intention for wudu:

59 The intention and the mentioning of the Name of Allah are also to be done at the onset of wudu... (Source: Ascent to Felicity: A Manual On Islamic Creed And Hanafi Jurisprudence)