Again, if the bank is not loaning money that is on deposit, they are not practically/effectively risking one penny. Their methods of accounting may suggest that they are taking a risk, but how can you risk something that you never had in the first place? I say, you can't. Their only risk is that they won't earn money that they weren't entitled to in the first place. Furthermore, if the money loaned is placed into the system, that is new money that didn't exist previously. New money= new supply. Increased supply effects the scarcity of money and thus translates into higher prices (and yes, I know this is not the technical definition of inflation) as long as all other factors are equal. dys