how about not ruling according to the laws of Allah. is that kufr? i recall a sermon from someone called shaikh hudhayfi from madina? in the sermon he condemned the saudi rulers to have lost their iman because of the ayat.... Al-Maidah 44 Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted [to Allah ] judged by it for the Jews, as did the rabbis and scholars by that with which they were entrusted of the Scripture of Allah , and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers. also what if a ruler is deposed through war and revolution and a new ruler takes over. does the new ruler become the rightful ruler or will his kingship become a legetimate target? and what if a considerable amount of time has passed? does that then mean that his rule becomes legitimate due to the passing of time?