But the most forceful argument for the right to bear arms is not within the second amendment at all. It is within the Constitution itself, since it enumerates what powers the People grant to the Government, not what Rights the People have. Therefore the People have all rights unless specifically constrained by the text of the Constitution, or in laws created within the framework.
The Bill of Rights were passed merely to placate those who wanted more assurances. The Court has consistently held this view.
The problem I have with this thread is that it tries to do too much. An adequate response to all the issues raised would take too long and expand into too many areas, and thus be too lengthy or untenable. I suggest that you take one issue and run with it, and save the rest for later.