Fifty years ago, "transportation" was the major factor in air pollution, over 60% by some measurements. Today, it's energy production. No doubt that cars are much cleaner today, but internal combustion engines by their nature produce emissions - unburned fuel and the release of various compounds besides CO2. And the increase in efficiency is somewhat offset by the rise in volume. The statistical switch may be more due to the huge increase in energy demand. Fifty years ago, how many people in the world were doing what I'm doing right now?