Given the rapid growth that China has experienced in the last 30 years it probably would've been able to feed/cloth those 300 million people. I personally don't think there would've been mass starvation or anything of the sort. The problem is not people; it's bad/corrupt institutions, dictatorial governments, archaic cultural practices, etc...China should do away with the one-child policy, esp. now that it has found the formula for rapid growth.