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Physical exercise is important for maintaining physical fitness and can contribute positively to maintaining healthy weight, building and maintaining healthy bone density, muscle strength, and joint mobility, promoting physiological well-being, reducing surgical risks, and strengthening the immune system.Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functioning via improvement of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.

In longer term, exercise benefits our brain through:
1. increasing the blood and oxygen flow to the brain
2. increasing growth factors that help create new nerve cells and promote synaptic plasticity
3. increasing chemicals in the brain that help cognition, such as dopamine, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin

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